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Improvising Interaction
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Even the most tightly scripted solo performances involve improvisation; the detailed execution of each noteor word cannot be completely determined in advance. In joint performances the challenge of coordinatingthe actions of multiple people in realtime becomes even more complex. One response to this challenge hasinvolved appeal to prediction using ‘forward models’ from computational models of action planning. Thesemodels involve automatic activation of motor representations of the future perceptual consequences of anunfolding action. Although normally associated with action production, if a person perceiving the action canalso produce a forward model they can predict what word or note will come next. An important problem withthis approach is that it is by definition conservative. It only works for familiar or rehearsed actions and cannotaccount for the production of novel or improvised responses. Using case studies from free jazz improvisationand conversation I will illustrate this problem for natural coordinated action. Rather than relying on accessto preestablished shared representations, constructive engagement in these situations requiresmechanisms that enable people to adapt and create new conventions on the fly i.e. improvise. I will arguethat the key processes through which this is achieved are the interactional processes of ‘repair’ that we useto detect and deal with things that do not go as expected. These mechanisms are not auxiliary but ratherprovide the fundamental foundations on which all successful human interaction depends.
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