Chapitres
Notice
Climate Models: learning from the Past Long-Term Climate Variability
- document 1 document 2 document 3
- niveau 1 niveau 2 niveau 3
Descriptif
Projections of future climate change rely on global climate models. Such models simulate the dynamics and physics of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system and move towards models of the full Earth system. These models are evaluated on the present day mean climate as well as on climate variability over the last century. Although climate models agree on the overall patterns of future climate change, discrepancies are still displayed between models, both in amplitude and at the regional scale (e.g., IPCC AR5 (2007)).
Past climates offer an unique opportunity to evaluate climate models on climate conditions different from the present-day conditions thanks to the reconstruction of past climates from paleodata (past vegetation, sea sediments and ice cores). They also allow to investigate the mechanisms of climate change and the importance of feedbacks in the climate system.
The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, endorsed by both the international programs WCRP and IGBP, focuses on these issues (http://pmip2.lsce.ipsl.fr/). Main focus is on the last glacial maximum (LGM), ca 20 000 years before present (BP), and the mid-Holocene, ca 6000 years BP. The LGM simulation allows to examine the climate response to the presence of large ice sheets, cold oceans and lowered greenhouse gas concentrations. The mid-Holocene simulation allows to examine the climate response to a change in the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar radiation caused by known changes in orbital forcing.
Results show that the models used for future climate change projections are able to simulate the broad-scale features of both the LGM and mid-Holocene climate but that they tend to understand some of these features such as the polar amplification at the LGM and the northward extent of the African monsoon at the mid-Holocene. Debate however still prevails with regards to the change of the thermohaline circulation at the LGM. Paleoclimate modelling studies have also emphasized the importance of vegetation feedbacks at the regional scale, not yet included in future climate change studies. Other challenging issues with regards to future climate change are offered by long-term paleoclimate modelling studies such as ice-sheet melting at the last interglacial and during the last deglaciation, and understanding the past carbon cycle changes as inferred from ice cores.
Intervention
Dans la même collection
-
Comparison of Simulated Tree-Ring Cellulose d180 at the European Scale
DANIS Pierre-Alain
In order to investigate factors involved in the inter-annual variability of d180 in tree ring cellulose (d18OTRC), we simulated the d18OTRC from 1960 to 2001 over Europe. We used 1) simulated climate
-
Debate
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
PLANTON Serge
GONZALES ROUCO Jesus Felipe
GOOSSE Hughes
REISSELL Anni
BRASSEUR Guy
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
Linking Adaptation and Mitigation for Climate Risk Reduction
SHOGREN Jason F.
How people privately and collectively adapt to climate risk can affect the costs and benefits of public mitigation policy (e.g., Kyoto); an obvious point often neglected in actual policy making.
-
Social Impact of global Environmental Change on Farming Communities on the Ogoli River Bank in Otuk…
ANJEINU ABU Godwin
One of the manifestations of the global change in this study area is a marked reduction in the duration and amount of rainfall. This adversely affects the volume of the head waters that ultimately
-
How to Foster the Economic and Societal Technical Solutions?
CALLONEC Gaël
The presentation will focus on the interplay between economic scenarios (based on energy demand and CO2 emission reduction) with long run-public policies. The French case will be discussed in more
-
Debate
DJéDJé Okoubi Franck Didier
MILLNER Antony
RAJ ARYAL Komal
FRAGNIèRE Augustin
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
From Climate Models to Earth System Models
BRASSEUR Guy
Complex climate models that describe the evolution of the coupled ocean atmosphere cryosphere system are gradually extended to “non physical” components of the earth system, and account for land
-
Are European Ecosystems Vulnerable to Climate Change
CRAMER Wolfgang
The relatively simple question posed by this title turns out to be complicated in its implementation, for a number of reasons: First, ecosystems have changed in response to changing climate throughout
-
The Impacts of Climate Change on Continental Ecosystems
SEGUIN Bernard
Climate change will deeply modify the ecophysiological functioningof plants, by creating a set of conditions which could be more favourable (in the sense of biomass production) or not. Among the first
-
The Economics of the Climate/Development of the Gordian Knot; Beyond a Sound Pessimism
HOURCADE Jean-Charles
We will first suggest that costs of meeting ambitious climate targets capable to stabilize global warming below 2°C or 3°C temperature increase have been underestimated so far. The first reason is the
-
Debate
CALLONEC Gaël
DUPUIS Johann
THORON Sylvie
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
IPCC Working Group I and III
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
Avec les mêmes intervenants et intervenantes
-
IPCC Working Group I and III
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
Round Table
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
CHANZY André
SOMERVILLE Richard
DUVAL Romain
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
Debate
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
PLANTON Serge
GONZALES ROUCO Jesus Felipe
GOOSSE Hughes
REISSELL Anni
BRASSEUR Guy
The European Science Foundation (ESF) and the French Foundation of the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) (within the Entre-Sciences programme) have agreed to jointly develop a new conference
-
Simulations, scénarios et prospectives
JOUSSAUME Sylvie
GODARD Olivier
PLANTON Serge
GILLET Marc
KUBSKY Stefan
ANDRé Jean-Claude
En réunissant des scientifiques, des experts du Groupe intergouvernemental d'étude du climat (GIEC), des représentants d'administrations et d'institutions de diffusion de (information scientifique, le
Sur le même thème
-
Géo-Rencontres 2024 / Les expériences valorisées dans le monde professionnel
LILLO Emma
ARAUJO Julie
HUART Florian
DUBREU Romain
BUQUET Damien
CHAZAL Laura
BORIE Mariane
Forum sur les métiers en géosciences organisé par les étudiants du CMI Ingénierie Géologique et Civile, Université de Bordeaux, 12 avril 2024
-
Géo-Rencontres 2024 / Compétences et acquis nécessaires pour entrer dans le monde du travail
BRINON Juliette
AMOLE Fili-Fenua
PRETOU Frédéric
CAMPET Hugo
LIéBAUX Albin
DE ALEMEIDA Marie-Lou
POIRIER Aymeric
DUFRENOY Audrey
Forum sur les métiers en géosciences organisé par les étudiants du CMI Ingénierie Géologique et Civile, Université de Bordeaux, 12 avril 2024
-
Géo-Rencontres 2024 / Variété des carrières via les formations de l'université
INGUIMBERT Diane
LACAZE Romane
LEMAITRE Laurie
CHAZAL Laura
MONTJEAN Pascal
POUDEVIGNE Jacques
PORTEFAIX Frédéric
Forum sur les métiers en géosciences organisé par les étudiants du CMI Ingénierie Géologique et Civile, Université de Bordeaux, 12 avril 2024
-
Géo-Rencontres 2024 / Présentation
LATASTE Jean-François
LAVIE Théo
Forum sur les métiers en géosciences organisé par les étudiants du CMI Ingénierie Géologique et Civile, Université de Bordeaux, 12 avril 2024
-
Tokyo, plus grande « ville » au monde : aménager et gouverner la démesure
LANGUILLON-AUSSEL Raphaël
Avec ses quelques trente-cinq millions d’habitants, Tokyo est la « ville » la plus peuplée au monde, et l’une des métropoles les plus riches. Cette présentation vise à décrire, analyser et expliquer,
-
L'approche par la dépense du PIB et les grandes fonctions macroéconomiques
MAVEYRAUD-TRICOIRE Samuel
L'approche par la dépense du PIB et les grandes fonctions macroéconomiques
-
-
-
-
Les déterminants de la demande agrégée
MAVEYRAUD-TRICOIRE Samuel
Les déterminants de la demande agrégée
-
La théorie du revenu permanent et la notion de richesse
MAVEYRAUD-TRICOIRE Samuel
La théorie du revenu permanent et la notion de richesse
-
Présentation du mécanisme du multiplicateur
MAVEYRAUD-TRICOIRE Samuel
Présentation du mécanisme du multiplicateur