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Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia (Production), Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia (Publication), Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia (Réalisation), Alain Blanchard (Intervention)
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DOI : 10.60527/n9ze-gk09
Citer cette ressource :
Alain Blanchard. Univ Bordeaux. (2016, 15 mars). From the question “what is life?” to the building of minimal cells , in Philosophie et Biologie. [Vidéo]. Canal-U. https://doi.org/10.60527/n9ze-gk09. (Consultée le 4 décembre 2024)
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From the question “what is life?” to the building of minimal cells

Réalisation : 15 mars 2016 - Mise en ligne : 17 mars 2016
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Descriptif

For many centuries, the questionabout the meaning and nature of life has been central in philosophy andscience. We have now gathered, through experimental approaches, a large body ofknowledge about the organization of living organisms at different levels, butthe question “what is life?” remains the object of debates. In fact, this question is in the spotlight for at least three reasons. The first one comes from the need to recognize life in extra-terrestrial systems, the second one is related to the understanding of the origin of life itself and the third one is linked to the development of cellular chassis using synthetic biology. Indeed, one of the goals of synthetic biology is to build novel living entities that would fulfill some of our needs. One of the pursued approaches aims at creating cellular chassis that would be close to the concept of a minimal cell. To reach that goal, one first needs to define the minimal information (i.e. essential genes) that is necessary and sufficient to support life, at least in the laboratory. The next step is to find a method to produce a cellular system that would use this set of essential genes as its genome. The type of resulting organism does not exist in Nature and is not the product of Evolution. This brings us back to the definition of a living organism because these entities are obviously not autonomous.

In a first part  the work done with mycoplasmas that are considered as models of natural and minimal cells is presented and in a second part, the implications of this work in the context of the development of synthetic biology are discussed.

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Réferences Grand public

– Une vidéo de François Jacob en 2000 :
http://www.canal-u.tv/video/universite_de_tous_les_savoirs/qu_est_ce_que_la_vie.880

 – Une vidéo de Craig Venter sur « What is life ? » en 2012 enregistrée au Trinity College of Dublin :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi2MhsUSu0U

Une vidéo TED : Martin Hanczyc: The line between life and not-life :
https://www.ted.com/talks/martin_hanczyc_the_line_between_life_and_not_life

– What Is Life?. (2015, December 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:02, January 14, 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_Is_Life%3F&oldid=696596560

– Dossier spécial La Recherche :
http://www.larecherche.fr/savoirs/dossier-special/2-est-ce-vie-01-10-2005-70772


Références spécialisées

– Szostak JW, Bartel DP, Luisi PL. Synthesizing life. Nature. 2001 Jan 18;409(6818):387-90.

– Danchin A. Scaling up synthetic biology: Do not forget the chassis. FEBS Lett. 2012 Jul 16;586(15):2129-37.

– Grosjean H, Breton M, Sirand-Pugnet P, Tardy F, Thiaucourt F, Citti C, Barré A, Yoshizawa S, Fourmy D, de Crécy-Lagard V, Blanchard A. Predicting the minimal translation apparatus: lessons from the reductive evolution of mollicutes. PLoS Genet. 2014 May 8;10(5):e1004363.

– Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, Noskov VN, Chuang RY, Algire MA, Benders GA, Montague MG, Ma L, Moodie MM, Merryman C, Vashee S, Krishnakumar R, Assad-Garcia N, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Young L, Qi ZQ, Segall-Shapiro TH, Calvey CH, Parmar PP, Hutchison CA 3rd, Smith HO, Venter JC. Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):52-6.

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