La catalyse

Les objets électroniques ont très largement transformé nos sociétés modernes. Ils ont permis le développement d’infrastructures toujours plus complexes et connectées, promesses d’une transition

par Laurence Coiffard, Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de cosmétologie, MMS EA2160, Faculté de pharmacie de Nantes.

The history of computing tells us that computers can be made of almost anything: silicon, gears and levers, neurons, flowing water, interacting particles or even light. Although lithographically

The avian egg is designed to support the autonomous development of the chick embryo in the outside environment. It initially contains all the nutrients required for embryonic growth and provides

The avian eggshell is a thin mineral layer (350 µm thick in chicken) that protects the egg content against mechanical impacts, dehydration and microorganism contamination. Eggshell formation is a

To construct their skeletons, all metazoans secrete a complex array of macromolecules that are supposed to display key-functions in biomineralization, such as crystal nucleation and crystal growth

Avian eggs have a proteinaceous cuticle covering the outside of the eggshell forming a barrier to the transmission of microorganisms. Although the cuticle is similar to the organic matrix, its

The co-evolution of parasites and hosts has shaped the immune system. One such ‘arms race’ is between parasitic nematodes and their molluscan hosts. One such species (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita)

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Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for bone resorption in steady state and bone destruction in chronic inflammatory diseases and osteoporosis.  Up to recently, they have been considered only as

Egg morphology is essential for animal survival, mediating the interactions between embryos and their environment, and a result have evolved into an enormous diversity of forms and functions in

Calcium carbonate is paired up with shell matrix proteins in the suited organo-mineral outer shell in molluscs. Advanced knowledge in the shell proteome is achieved with the development of