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Dr Robbie Rae - Biological armour used to kill parasites
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Descriptif
The co-evolution of parasites and hosts hasshaped the immune system. One such ‘arms race’ is between parasitic nematodesand their molluscan hosts. One such species (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita) can infect and kill severalgastropod species and has been formulated into a biological control agent(Nemaslug®) for farmers andgardeners. In order to defend themselves from P. hermaphrodita infection we have recently found that severalsnail species encapsulate and kill nematodes by producing unknown cells whichfuse them to the inner part of the shell. This is a rapid process occurringover 48 hours and can encapsulate hundreds of nematodes at once. Field studieshave shown this is a common occurrence in snail shells collected across theU.K. and in northern Europe. By viewing conchology collections at Liverpool andManchester museums we have shown this immune response is highly evolutionaryconserved and the nematodes encapsulated and fused to the inner shell and willremain there for hundreds of years. This could allow for identification andunderstanding of the diversity of nematode species encased in the shells fromhundreds, even thousands of years. We are pursing this idea as well asinvestigating the utility of micro CT scanning to be used to observe nematodesin snail shells. Also we have been using genetics and genomics to understandthe diversity of nematodes fixed in shells. Our ultimate aim is to unravel howthe snails’ shell has been co-opted to kill parasites.
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