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Sara Kimble - Women’s Rights and the Rights of Man: Women’s Status under Law as the Measure of Civilization in Political and Legal Discourse, 1869-1914
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Descriptif
This paper explores the conceptualizationof women’s rights as a measure of the advancement of societies in comparativeperspective through political and legal discourse from the 1860s to 1914. Myinvestigation focuses on French perceptions of Anglo-American reforms in theareas of women’s political rights, educational opportunities, and professionalemployment to understand the power and limitations of these debates. Promptedby Charles Fourier’s proclamation that “l’extension des privilèges des femmesest le principe general de tous les progrès sociaux,” (Théorie des quatre mouvements), myriad politico-legal thinkers inFrance observed the progressive advancements for women in family and propertylaw in England, and political rights and access to the jury in the AmericanWest, as a challenge and a tocsin that French society compared poorly onwomen’s emancipation. Advocates of women’s rights seized on the internationalcomparisons to argue for reform of women’s rights, to fulfil the promise of theDeclaration of the Rights of Man andCitizen by extending the rights and duties to women. Women’s emancipation,especially in public and constitutional law, was coded as “modern” and“civilized,” a sign of the triumph of justice over “barbarism” and otherantiquated forms of government. This research examines ways in which theattainment of gender equality in law functioned as a marker of the degree ofcivilization operating within a nation-state, a reflection of the “soft”diplomacy of international relations.
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