L'impact des inégalités de genre sur la sécurité alimentaire : quelles politiques ?

L'impact des inégalités de genre sur la sécurité alimentaire : quelles politiques ? / Marcela Villarreal. In colloque « Genre et agriculture familiale paysanne. Regards Nord-Sud. Débats entre mondes académique, du développement et de la formation », organisé par le Laboratoire Dynamiques Rurales (Université Toulouse II), l’École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA) de Toulouse-Auzeville, le laboratoire Environnement, Ville, Société de l'Université de Lyon 3 et l'Association Genre en Action. Université Toulouse II-Le Mirail, 22-24 mai 2012.

La communication de Marcela Villarreal est précédée par la diffusion d'un court métrage produit par la FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Closing the gap: between Men and Women in agriculture (2mn15).

Gender equality in access to productive resources and services in rural areas is essential for countries to reach their Millennium Development Goal 1 commitment, eradicating hunger and poverty. Women face systematic discrimination in access to all of these resources and services in all regions of the world, but more markedly in the poorest regions. Recent data have demonstrated that closing this gender gap can generate significant societal gains in the reduction of food insecurity as well as in long term development through multiplier effects in education, health and nutrition. Agriculture sector (including fisheries and forestry) and rural development policies are needed to close the gender gap in access to productive resources and services. However, an analysis of these policies shows that, for the most part, they do not address women’s and men’s specific needs, constraints and obstacles, and when they do, they do so in varying degrees. These degrees have different outcomes for women and men, as well as for the efficiency of the policies in reaching their objectives.

This paper analyses some of the gendered constraints in agriculture and proposes a classification of gender sensitivity of policies. Its aim is to aid policy makers in understanding what makes a policy more or less gender sensitive and ultimately, to have better agriculture, food security and development outcomes for developing countries.