Attrition and (incomplete) acquisition of Italian answering strategies / Irene Caloi
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Attrition and (incomplete) acquisition of Italian answering strategies / Irene Caloi, in colloque "Bilingualism vs. monolingualism: a new perspective on limitations to L2 acquisition" organisé par lelaboratoire Octogone-Lordat (Université Toulouse 2) sous la responsabilité de Barbara Köpke (UT2J), Holger Hopp (Technische Universität Braunschweig), Tanja Kupisch (Universität Konstanz), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 19-20 juin 2017.
We comparespeaker undergoing L1 attrition (AT; L1: Italian;L2: German) and heritagespeakers (HE; heritage language: Italian; majority language: German) in orderto analyse how different forms of multilingual knowledge shape syntacticphenomena that are the reflex of discourse related conditions, at thesyntax-discourse interface. One such reflex is the word order necessary toexpress a given discourse content, such as New Information Subjects (NIS) in answers to questions thatprompt the identification of the clause subject. Belletti (2007)showed that Italiananswers to these questions displaythe word order VS,thereby realizing the NIS in the immediatevP periphery (1); in contrast, German keeps the SVorder and focalizes the NIS prosodically (2):
(1) Chi è arrivato? / È arrivato Gianni Who is arrived / is arrived Gianni
(2) Wer ist angekommen? / Ján ist angekommen who is arrived / Jan is arrived
Thestructure is investigated in Italian through a production task consisting of 22videos which trigger NISs answers through 40 questions (20 transitives, 10unergatives, 4 unaccusatives, 6 existential structures).Datareveal that multilingual proficiency determines an increased variety of adoptedanswering strategies. AT and HE perform alike but crucially differently fromItalian native speakers (MonoL1); they match the performance of MonoL1 speakersonly on existential structures, for which both Italian and German display VSstructures. AT speakers show attrition in the form of a less consistent useof VS structures with respect to MonoL1.AT speakers produce alternative strategies: German-like SV structures with transitives (31.1%), unergatives(25.9%), and unaccusatives (31.4%); copular (be) structures with transitives (4.2%) and unergatives (6.9%); andpassives with transitive verbs (17.7%).HEspeakers produce the native-like VS structure more successfully withunergatives (53.9%) and unaccusatives (62.0%) than with transitives (40.2%).Transfer of SV structures from German is preferred in transitive structures(52.6%), in combination with post-verbal lexical objects, otherwise realizedas clitics in VS structures. This suggests that the presenceof the lexical object plays a crucialrole.
Results reveal that NISs undergoattrition (in AT) or incomplete acquisition (in HE), thus identifying a new domainin which phenomena at the syntax-discourse interface are shapedby multilingual proficiency, similarlyto what has been discussedby Sorace (2004)and by Belletti, Bennati & Sorace (2007) in the study of differentmultilingual populations of L2 near-native speakers of Italian.
Thèmes
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Documentation
Références bibliographiques
Belletti, A. (2001). Inversion as focalization. Subject inversion in Romance and the theory of Universal Grammar, 60-90.
Belletti, A. (2004). Aspects of the low IP area. The structure of CP and IP. The cartography of syntactic structures, 2, 16-51.
Belletti A. (2007). Answering strategies: A view from acquisition. In: S. Baauw; F. Drijkoningen M. Pinto eds.. Romance languages and linguistic theory 2005. p. 19-38, Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Belletti, A. (2009). Structures and strategies. Routledge.
Belletti, A., Bennati, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Theoretical and developmental issues in the syntax of subjects: Evidence from near-native Italian. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 25(4), 657-689.
Belletti, A., & Guasti, M. T. (2015). The Acquisition of Italian: Morphosyntax and its interfaces in different modes of acquisition (Vol. 57). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Belletti, A., & Leonini, C. (2004). Subject inversion in L2 Italian. EUROSLA yearbook, 4, 95-118.
Caloi, Irene (2017). Additive focus particles in German-speaking learners of Italian as L2. In De Cesare, A. M., Andorno, C. M., Focus on additivity. Multiperspective and multifaceted views, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 237-263.
Dal Pozzo, L. (2015). New information subjects in L2 acquisition: evidence from Italian and Finnish (Vol. 27). Firenze University Press.
Di Venanzio, L., Schmitz, K., & Scherger, A. L. (2016). Objects of transitive verbs in Italian as a heritage language in contact with German. Linguistic approaches to bilingualism, 6(3), 227-261.
Kupisch, T., & Rothman, J. (2016). Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 1367006916654355.
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Rinke, E. & Flores, C. (in preparation). The interpretation of overt and null pronominal subjects in Portuguese-German heritage bilinguals. (ppt presentation, Frankfurt am Main, 15.11.2016).
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