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Neanderthal facing climatic disruptions of the MIS 4 in southwestern France: between cynegetic choices and environmental constraints / Christelle Dancette
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Neanderthal facing climatic disruptions of the MIS 4 in southwestern France: between cynegetic choices and environmental constraints / Christelle Dancette, in colloque "1st Virtual Conference for Women Archaeologists and Paleontologists. Nouveaux apports à l’étude des populations et environnements passés" organisé par le laboratoire Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES) de l’Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès et le laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes (PALEVOPRIM) de l'Université de Poitiers, sous la responsabilité scientifique de Julie Bachellerie, Ana Belén Galán López (Traces), Émilie Berlioz et Margot Louail (Palevoprim). Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 8-9 mars 2021. [Conférence enregistrée à distance].
Session 3 : Exploitation of natural resources and raw materials, subsistence strategies.
The MIS 4 climatic’s period (approximately 75-60 ka BP) corresponds, in southwestern France, to the gradual replacement of Atlantic forests, sheltering non-migratory temperate fauna (Deer, Roe Deer, Wild boar), by a biotope dominated by the arctic steppe, in which Reindeer would have found a favorable place to live. These environmental disturbances were accompanied by major changes in Neanderthal societies, with the establishment of the Quina Mousterian, a remarkable techno-complex of the end of the Mousterian which saw the emergence of massive and seasonal reindeer slaughter, associated with butchery operations and tool’s production and maintenance now sequenced in time and space. As part of this phD, data from classical archaeozoology and cementochronology are combined and integrated into 3D taphonomic and spatial studies, in order to investigate under high stratigraphic resolution the recording sequences covering the implementation and dissemination of the Quina Mousterian system, and to specify its links with the environmental disturbances of MIS 4, at a time when Reindeer and Red Deer -two species whose current distributions seldom overlap (taiga)- are observed within the same assemblies, one gradually replacing the other. The preliminary examination of the spatial data acquired (taphonomic and taxonomic variables) on two famous sequences from Perigord (Grotte XVI and Roc-de-Marsal) reveals a particular distribution of taxa in cross-section: Red Deer and Reindeer are not found together within the same units, but are in fact superimposed, thereby invalidating the stratigraphic division made during excavations. These first results undoubtedly have palaeoenvironmental implications (and could perhaps reflect the prey avaibility) and show once again the need to call on taphonomic and spatial studies before any reconstruction from archaeological material.
Thème
Documentation
Références documentaires
FAUNMAP Working Group (1996). Spatial response of mammals to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations, Science, 5268, vol. 272, p. 1601-1606.
GEIST V. (1998). Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology. Mechanicsburg, Stackpole Books.
GUTHRIE R.D. (1990). Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990, 323 p.
HISCOCK P., TURQ A., FAIVRE J.-P., BOURGUIGNON L. (2009). Quina Procurement and tool production, in Lithic materials and paleolithic societies. Chicester (UK), John Wiley & Sons, 232-246.
KOBY F.E. (1943). Les soi-disant instruments osseux du Paléolithique alpin et le charriage à sec des os d’ours des cavernes, Verhandlingen der Naturforschen der Gesellschaft in Basel, LIV, p. 59‑95.
KOBY F.E. (1953). Modifications que les ours des cavernes ont fait subir à leur habitat, in Premier Congrès International de Spéléologie, tome IV, section 4, Paris, p.15‑27.
NIVEN L., STEELE T., RENDU W., MALLYE J.- B., MCPHERRON S.P., SORESSI M., JAUBERT J., HUBLIN J.-J. (2012). Neandertal mobility and large-game hunting: The exploitation of reindeer during the Quina Mousterian at Chez-Pinaud Jonzac (Charente-Maritime, France), Journal of Human Evolution, 63, 4, p. 624-635.
RENDU W. (2007). Planification des activités de subsistance au sein du territoire des derniers Moustériens : Cémentochronologie et approche Archéozoologique. Thèse de doctorat, Université Sciences et Technologies, Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, 363 p.
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Quina (Gardes-le-Pontaroux, Charente), niveau 6c. Apport à la compréhension des comportements de subsistance, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 106, 4, p. 679-690. [En ligne : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328353975_Saisonnalite_des_activites_de_predation_des_chasseurs_aurignaciens_d'Isturitz].
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Liens
Programme du colloque "1st Virtual Conference for Women Archaeologists and Paleontologists" (8-9 mars 2021)
Website du Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM)
Livret des résumés des communications du colloque "1st Virtual Conference for Women Archaeologists and Paleontologists. Nouveaux apports à l’étude des populations et environnements passés" (8-9 mars 2021)
Site internet dédié au colloque "1st Virtual Conference for Women Archaeologists and Paleontologists" (8-9 mars 2021)
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